Patricio Almirón Cuadros (UCM): Around Tjurina number: A new Hope
In this talk I will present the state of art about one of the main research lines of my PhD Thesis: Tjurina number. The principal motivation is a question posed by A. Dimca and G.M. Greuel in 2017 which gives a surprising relation between two of the main invariants of plane curves singularities: Milnor number, of topological nature, and Tjurina number, of analytical nature.
I will present a partial answer to this question (joint work with G. Blanco) which constitute a new hope to achieve a positive answer to Dimca and Greuel’s question in the general case.
i ut + ∆u + gu(u,v) = 0
i vt + ∆v + gv(u,v) = 0;
where i denotes the imaginary unit, u,v depend on (x,t) € Rn x R+, n=1,2,3 and g is a nonlinear function on its arguments.
The previous kind of system has applications mainly in nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC), corresponding the latter to the fth state of matter achieved at ultra-cold temperatures close to the absolute zero.
In this talk, I will explain the work done under the supervision of Julián López Gómez during my Master’s Thesis about a non spatial periodic Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model. This work is developed from [2], a paper where López-Gómez, J., Ortega, R. and Tineo, A. showed the multiplicity of periodic coexistence states in a non spatial periodic Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model. In my Master’s Thesis, we have proved, in the first place, the uniqueness of the multiple periodic coexistence states. Secondly, inspired by a paper by Ding, T. and Zanolin, F. [1], we have also demonstrated the existence of infinite periodic solutions for a reduced model of [2], but out of the hypothesis of the main theorem of [1]. These results are in strong contrast with the uniqueness result about coexistence states obtained in [3].
References
1. Ding, T., Zanolin, F. (1996). Periodic solutions and subharmonic solutions for a class of planar systems of Lotka-Volterra type, Proc. First World Congress Nonlin. Anal., pp. 395-406.
2. López-Gómez, J., Ortega, R. and Tineo, A. (1996). The periodic predator-prey Lotka-Volterra model, Adv. Diff. Eqns. 1, pp. 403-423.
3. López-Gómez, J. and Pardo, R. M. (1993). The existence and the uniqueness for the predator-prey model with diffusion, Diff. Int. Eqs. 6, pp. 1025{1031.
Back in the 80’s, Witten showed that a knot invariant, the Jones polynomial, can be computed from a physical theory known as Chern-Simmons theory. Aware of the importance of this discovery, Atiyah generalized Witten’s constructions, putting them into a purely categorical language and giving them the name Topological Quantum Field Theories (TQFTs for short).
From a mathematical point of view, TQFTs are powerful algebraic tools that provide deep insight into the behaviour of topological invariants. In this talk, we will review the fundamentals of TQFTs and we will show how to build them using a physically-inspired construction that only needs two ingredients: a field theory and a quantisation in the spirit of Grothendieck’ six operations. We will finish the talk with a collection of examples that show that the use of a sledgehammer (the TQFT) to crack a nut (the topological invariant) may be very productive as it gives in return an effective new method of computation of very subtle topological invariants.
Joint work with M. Logares and V. Muñoz.
Carla Hernando Fuster (UC3M): A class of companion pencils
In this talk, we are mainly interested in sparse companion linearizations (pencils). Our main goal is to extend the results in [3] to such kind of constructions.
First, we introduce a general class of potential companion pencils for arbitrary square matrix polynomials over an arbitrary field, which extends the class introduced in [3] for monic scalar polynomials. We provide a canonical form, up to permutation, for companion pencils in this class. We also relate these companion pencils with other relevant families of companion linearizations known so far. Finally, we determine the number of different sparse companion pencils in the class, up to permutation.
References
[1] F. De Terán, F. M. Dopico, D. S. Mackey. Spectral Equivalence of matrix polynomials and the Index Sum Theorem. Linear Algebra Appl. 459 (2014) 264-333.
[2] F. M. Dopico, P. Lawrence, J. Pérez, P. Van Dooren. Block Kronecker linearizations of matrix polynomials and their backward errors. Submitted. Available as MIMS Eprint 2016.34. The University of Manchester. UK.
[3] B. Eastman, I.-J. Kim, B. L. Shader, K.N. Vander Meulen. Companion matrix patterns. Linear Algebra Appl. 436 (2014) 255-272.
[4] C. Ma, X. Zhan. Extremal sparsity of the companion matrix of a polynomial. Linear Algebra Appl. 438 (2013) 621-625.
Marta de León Contreras (UAM): Hölder-Zygmund spaces associated to Schrödinger operators and some applications
In [1], E. Stein introduced the classical Hölder-Zygmund spaces defined through the derivatives of the Poisson semigroup e–t\sqrt{-\∆}. He proved that these spaces coincide with the classical Hölder spaces C^k,\alpha, 0<\alpha<1, k € N.
In this talk we are going to extend the Hölder-Zygmund spaces introduced by E. Stein for a weaker class of functions and also we will introduce some Hölder-Zygmund spaces associated to Schrödinger operators, L=-∆+V$, where V is a nonnegative potential satisfying the reverse Hölder inequality. We shall characterize these spaces by means of the heat and the Poisson semigroups as well as pointwise estimates. Finally, we will show some applications.
The content of this talk is based on a joint work with José L. Torrea.
References
[1] E. M. Stein. Singular integrals and differentiability properties of functions. Princeton Mathematical Series, No. 30. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1970.
Ignacio Luengo Velasco (UCM): Post–quantum cryptography with polynomials
We will also present the questions and problems of Conmutative Algebra related with the algebraic cryptoanalysis of the scheme DME.
This L-function is constructed through local methods and, consequently, the latter invariant is relatively easy to calculate in practice. The stronger Conjecture of BSD further relates the leading term at s = 1 of this L-function to a number of additional invariants associated to E/Q. Furthermore, given a finite Galois extension F/Q with Galois group G, the (again finitely generated) abelian group E(F) has additional structure through the natural action of G. Certain equivariant refinements of the original BSD Conjecture aim to encapsulate this finer structure on E(F).
In this talk we will give a brief and informal introduction to these problems.
Some of the very interesting properties enjoyed by these functions are related to other (more modern) classes of functions (such as «everywhere surjective» functions, Darboux functions, almost continuous functions, among others).
The existence of large structures within the class of Sierpinski-Zygmund functions depends, strongly, on the set theoretical setting we are working on, reaching some undecidability results unless some additional hypothesis are considered. In this short talk we shall provide an overview on what it is known about the class of
Sierpinski-Zygmund functions and its topological and algebraic genericity within different set theoretical settings and also we will provide a new proof of the Blumberg’s result that is simpler and much shorter than the original one.
This is a joint work with Profs. Krzysztof C. Ciesielski, Gustavo A. Muñoz, and Juan B. Seoane.
References
[1] H. Blumberg. New properties of all real functions, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 24 (1922), no. 2, 113-128.
[2] K.C. Ciesielski, M.E. Martínez-Gómez, G.A. Muñoz-Fernández, and J.B. Seoane-Sepúlveda. On the class of Sierpinski-Zygmund functions. An expository set theoretical approach, Preprint (2018).
[3] K.C. Ciesielski, M.E. Martínez-Gómez and J.B. Seoane-Sepúlveda, «Big» continuous restrictions of arbitrary functions, Preprint (2018).
[4] J.L. Gámez-Merino and J.B. Seoane-Sepulveda. An undecidable case of lineability in RR. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 401(2), 959-962 (2013).
[5] W. Sierpinski and A. Zygmund, Sur une fonction qui est discontinue sur tout ensemble de puissance du continu, Fund. Math. 4 (1923) 316-318.
In many Banach spaces of analytic functions all the isometries or, at least, the surjective isometries (unitary operators) are known. In the Hilbert spaces there are much more isometries, so a natural question is trying to describe all unitary operators which are, for instance, weighted composition operators.
The dynamic of two incompressible fluids moving through a 2D porous medium and under the action of gravity can be modelled by the IPM system. When initially one of the fluids lies above the other, the Muskat problem describes the evolution of IPM under the assumption that the fluids remain in contact at a moveable interface Graph(f), which turns out a Cauchy problem for f. If the heaviest fluid stays down (stable regime) such problem is well-posed in Sobolev spaces, otherwise (unstable regime) it is ill-posed. In spite of this, Á. Castro, D. Córdoba and D. Faraco proved recently the existence of weak solutions of IPM in the unstable regime by replacing the free boundary assumption with the opening of a mixing zone. In this talk I will sketch a new construction in which we show that such mixing solutions display a linearly degraded macroscopic behaviour. This is joint work with Á. Castro and D. Faraco.
Miguel Monsalve López (ICMAT, UCM): Power-regularity and spectral properties of Bishop-type operators.
While the invariant subspace problem remains open in the Hilbert space setting, several families of operators have arisen as candidates of counterexamples along the years: one of the simplest and longest-standing example is the Bishop’s operators.
In this talk, we will present some ideas which relate some spectral properties with a particular asymptotic behaviour of Bishop’s operators.
Joint work with Eva A. Gallardo Gutiérrez.
Carlos Mora Corral (UAM): Mathematical Models in Material Science.
Given a closed subset E of Rn and two functions f : E –> R, G : E –> Rn; the famous Whitney Extension Theorem provides necessary and sufficient conditions on f,G for the existence of a function F of class C1(Rn) such that F = f and \nabla F = G on E. It is natural to ask for further necessary and sucient conditions on f,G which ensure that
the extension F can be taken to be convex as well. In this talk we present the solution to this problem. Also, given a Hilbert space X and a modulus of continuity \omega, we solve a similar problem for convex functions of class C1,\omega(X). If time allows, we will present some applications of these results.
In this talk we will explain how quantum entangled states can be used to improve the probability of success in nonlocal games. We will see how nonlocal games can be understood from the point of view of Banach spaces, and how some fundamental results in Functional Analysis can be used to deduce interesting properties about such games.
Víctor Pérez Valdés (UCM): Duality and normality on topological groups
This talk can be divided essentially in two parts. In the first one, we introduce basic concepts and classical results of the class of topological groups. Concretely, we deal with the Pontryagin Duality Theorem for locally compact abelian groups.
In the second one, we present a result of normality using techniques of duality theory of topological groups.
A group topology \vu in a topological group (G,\tau) is said to be a compatible topology with the duality (G,G^) if the dual groups of G induced by \tau and \nu coincide, i.e. (G,\nu)^ = (G,\tau)^.
The result we show states that for the group G := ZR, there do not exist normal topologies compatible with the duality (G,G^) that belongs to a particular family; namely, the family of the locally quasi-convex topologies.
This result has been recently published in a joint article with the professor E. Martn-Peinador.
References
[1] M. J. CHASCO, E. MARTÍN-PEINADOR, V. TARIELADZE. On Mackey topology for groups. Studia Mathematica 132 (3) (1999) 257-284.
[2] W. W. COMFORT, K. A. ROSS. Topologies induced by groups of characters. Fund. Math. 55, 283-291 (1964).
[3] K. H. HOFMANN, S. A. MORRIS. The structure of compact groups. de Gruyter Studies in Mathematics 25 (1998).
[4] E. MARTÍN-PEINADOR, V. PÉREZ VALDÉS. A class of topological groups which do not admit normal compatible locally quasi-convex topologies. Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fs. Nat. Ser. A. Math. RACSAM, Vol. 112, no. 3 (2018) pp 867-876. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-018-0507-y
[5] S. A. MORRIS. Pontryagin Duality and the structure of locally compact abelian groups. Cambridge University Press (1977).
Rosalío Reyes Guillermo (UC3M): Mathematical properties on the hyperbolicity of interval graphs
Gromov hyperbolicity is an interesting geometric property, and so it is natural to study it in the context of geometric graphs. In particular, we are interested in interval and indifference graphs, which are important classes of intersection and Euclidean graphs, respectively.
It is well-known that interval graphs (with a very weak hypothesis) and indifference graphs are hyperbolic. In this paper we give a sharp bound for their hyperbolicity constants. The main result in this paper is the study of the hyperbolicity constant of every interval graph with edges of length 1. Moreover, we obtain sharp bounds for the hyperbolicity constant of the complement of any interval graph with edges of length 1.
Daniel L. Rodríguez Vidanes (UCM): Polarization constants in normed spaces
A fairly well-known result from linear algebra states that for every n-homogeneous polynomial P on a normed space E there is a unique n-linear form L on En such that P(x)=L(x,…,x) for all x € E. Moreover, R. S. Martin in his Ph. D. Dissertation (1932) proved that if P is continuous, then L is continuous too and
||P|| ≤ ||L|| ≤ (nn/n!)||P||.
The constant appearing in the previous inequality cannot be replaced, in general, by a smaller value, that is, there is a normed space E and an n-homogeneous polynomial P such that ||P||= (nn/n!)||L|| where P(x)=L(x,…,x) for all x € E. Nonetheless, for a specific normed space the best constant in the inequality might be smaller than nn/n!, this is what is known as the n-polarization constant.
The main goal of this talk is to show some of the known values of the n-polarization constants, some approximations of these constants and other results involving the value of these constants.
Mauro Sanchiz Alonso (UCM): Espacios Lp y Lp(.) de exponente variable
En la rama del Análisis funcional los espacios más sencillos y que primero se estudian, ya en el grado de matemáticas, son los espacios lp de sucesiones y Lp de funciones. Una generalización de los espacios Lp son los espacios Lp(.) de exponente variable, que son espacios que guardan mucha relación con los espacios Lp pero que son mucho más ricos en estructura. En esta presentación veremos algunas de esas propiedades. La exposición realizada saldrá de mi trabajo final de Master, “Estructura de espacios Lp y de exponente variable. Operadores estrictamente singulares”.
Christoph Schulze (Konstanz): Cones of non-negative Polynomials
The aim of this talk is to give an overview about results concerning the convex structure of P. This includes a complete characterization of the facial structure for very small n and d, results about extreme rays of P (which may be seen as the generating points of the cone), connections between faces of P and their zero sets, relations to interpolation problems and information about faces of low codimension.
